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PDF

Annotation

PDF Annotation

A markup element added to a PDF page, such as highlights, comments, stamps, or drawing shapes.

Technical Detail

In the PDF specification (ISO 32000-2:2020), annotation is implemented as a specialized object within the document's object graph. PDF files use a cross-reference table to index every object by byte offset, enabling random access without sequential parsing. This architecture allows annotation to be read, modified, or extracted independently of other document elements. The binary structure supports incremental saves, where changes append to the file without rewriting existing content.

Example

```javascript
// Add text watermark to PDF pages
const pages = pdf.getPages();
for (const page of pages) {
  page.drawText('CONFIDENTIAL', {
    x: page.getWidth() / 2 - 100,
    y: page.getHeight() / 2,
    size: 48,
    opacity: 0.2,
    rotate: degrees(45),
  });
}
```

Related Formats

.pdf

Related Tools

M Merge PDF S Split PDF C Compress PDF R Rotate PDF A Add Page Numbers P PDF to JPG W Watermark PDF R Reorder PDF Pages F Flatten PDF E Edit PDF Metadata S Sign PDF J JPG to PDF E Extract Text from PDF D Delete PDF Pages R Reverse PDF E Extract PDF Pages E Extract Odd/Even Pages R Resize PDF Pages C Crop PDF I Insert Blank Pages D Duplicate PDF Pages P PDF to PNG A Add Header & Footer A Add Text to PDF A Add Image to PDF

Related Terms

AcroForm Bates Numbering Bookmark Color Management (PDF) Content Stream Cross-Reference Table Digital Signature Document Catalog Encryption Flattening Font Embedding Form Field Incremental Save Linearization OCR Page Tree PDF PDF/A PDF/E PDF Layers PDF Optimizer PDF Portfolio PDF Redaction PDF Signature PDF/UA PDF/VT PDF/X Redaction Tagged PDF Watermark XFA